Modern hardwood finishes are broadly categorized into factory-applied, UV-cured urethane finishes (often infused with aluminum oxide for hardness) and traditional penetrating oils. Aluminum oxide is the standard for long-term wear resistance but can be difficult to recoat. Oil finishes penetrate the wood fibers, allowing for easier maintenance and blending of scratches, but they require more frequent upkeep to maintain their protective barrier against spills and debris.

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